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What Is Glaucoma?

• 15 Oct, 2024
• Dr. Harshita Tyagi

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that cause damage to the optic nerve, the vital nerve responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. This damage is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), although glaucoma can occur even with normal pressure. It is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide, making early detection and management crucial.

There are several types of glaucoma, with the two most common being open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma, the most prevalent form, develops gradually as the drainage canals in the eye become clogged over time, leading to a slow increase in IOP. This form often has no noticeable symptoms until significant vision loss occurs. Angle-closure glaucoma, on the other hand, is less common but more severe. It happens when the iris bulges forward and blocks the drainage angle of the eye, leading to a rapid increase in IOP. This type can cause sudden and intense symptoms, including severe eye pain, headache, nausea, and vomiting, and requires immediate medical attention.

Glaucoma’s impact on vision is insidious. It typically affects peripheral vision first, which may not be immediately noticeable to the individual. As the disease progresses, central vision can also be affected, leading to tunnel vision or complete vision loss if left untreated. Risk factors for glaucoma include a family history of the disease, advanced age, high intraocular pressure, certain medical conditions like diabetes, and prolonged use of corticosteroids.

Diagnosis of glaucoma involves a comprehensive eye exam, including measuring intraocular pressure, assessing the optic nerve, and performing visual field tests to evaluate any loss of vision. Early diagnosis is critical as glaucoma often progresses without noticeable symptoms.

Treatment for glaucoma aims to lower intraocular pressure to prevent further damage to the optic nerve. This may involve prescription eye drops, oral medications, laser therapy, or surgical interventions, depending on the severity and type of glaucoma. Regular monitoring and adherence to treatment are essential for managing the condition and preserving vision.

At New Vision Eye CARE, we provide specialized care for glaucoma patients, utilizing advanced diagnostic tools and personalized treatment plans to effectively manage and mitigate the impact of this challenging condition. If you have risk factors or symptoms suggestive of glaucoma, scheduling a comprehensive eye exam with our team is a proactive step towards protecting your vision.